Knee
From acute sports injuries to advanced reconstruction. Each condition page covers diagnosis, conservative treatment and surgical options when needed.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
One of the most common and significant sports injuries of the knee. Modern reconstruction techniques and, in selected cases, primary repair with the Ligamys® system can restore stability and bring patients safely back to sport.
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury
An injury to the PCL, less common than ACL but often missed. PCL surgery is a sub-specialised operation; my role is accurate diagnosis and coordinated referral to the right surgeon when needed.
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MCL Injury
The most common knee ligament injury, typically a sports injury from a blow to the outside of the knee. The vast majority heal with structured conservative treatment.
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Less common but more serious than MCL injuries. The LCL is part of the posterolateral corner, a complex structure that, when injured, often requires surgical reconstruction to restore stability.
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Multi-Ligament Knee Injuries
Severe injuries, often the result of high-energy trauma, in which two or more major knee ligaments tear at the same time. Complex cases involving the PCL are managed with sub-specialist colleagues.
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Meniscus Tear
One of the most common knee injuries and an important cause of pain, mechanical symptoms and progression of osteoarthritis. Modern repair techniques aim to preserve as much meniscus as possible.
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Cartilage Lesions of the Knee
Focal damage to the articular cartilage, the smooth surface that allows the bones to glide. Modern joint-preserving techniques can restore the cartilage and protect the knee from progression to arthritis.
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Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
A localised area of bone beneath the cartilage loses its blood supply and may eventually separate, taking the overlying cartilage with it. Most often seen in adolescents and young adults, early diagnosis and stable lesions often heal without surgery.
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Patellar Instability
Episodes of the kneecap dislocating or feeling unstable, most often in young, active patients. Most first-time dislocations are treated conservatively; recurrent cases benefit from surgical stabilisation.
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Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper’s Knee)
Pain from overload of the patellar tendon, most common in athletes who jump or change direction repeatedly. Almost always managed without surgery, with a graded loading programme being the cornerstone of treatment.
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Quadriceps & Patellar Tendon Rupture
A complete tendon rupture above or below the kneecap, which prevents the patient from straightening the knee. Almost always a surgical emergency, early repair is essential for the best functional outcome.
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Plica Syndrome
A plica is a fold of synovial tissue inside the knee. In most people it causes no problems, but in some it becomes inflamed and thickened, producing pain and clicking that can mimic other knee pathology.
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Knee Osteoarthritis
A progressive degenerative condition where cartilage gradually wears away, causing pain, stiffness and reduced function. A wide range of treatments, from lifestyle and injections to joint-preserving surgery and modern replacement, exist for every stage.
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Knee Malalignment
When the leg is bow-legged (varus) or knock-kneed (valgus) beyond what is normal, the load on the knee is unevenly distributed. Over time this can wear out one compartment of the joint, and corrective osteotomy can change the trajectory.
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Baker’s Cyst
A fluid-filled swelling at the back of the knee, almost always secondary to another knee problem (meniscus tear, arthritis). Treatment focuses on the underlying cause; the cyst itself rarely needs direct intervention.
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Pes Anserine Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa on the inner side of the knee, just below the joint. A common cause of inner knee pain, often mistaken for medial meniscus or MCL pathology, that almost always responds to conservative treatment.
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Iliotibial Band (ITB) Syndrome
Pain on the outer side of the knee, most often in runners and cyclists. Caused by friction or compression of the iliotibial band against the lateral femoral condyle. Almost always responds to a structured rehabilitation programme.
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Knee Stiffness & Arthrofibrosis
Loss of normal range of motion in the knee, most often after surgery, trauma or prolonged immobilisation. Early recognition and structured treatment can restore motion in most patients without further surgery.
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Knee Fractures
Fractures of the tibial plateau, distal femur or patella, frequently the result of high-energy trauma. The German trauma system’s structured approach to fixation, including 360° access for complex cases, gives the best chance of restoring an anatomically reduced, stable joint.
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